(Right) The Simple Daily Intensity Index (mm/day) in shades of red (from -5 mm/day) to blue (to +5 mm/day). (Left) The number of wet days in shades of red (from -50 days) to blue (to +50 days). Conversely, drier-than-average conditions predominantly occurred across northern Italy, southwestern Norway and northwestern United Kingdom.įigure 3. Eastern Spain, parts of France and Germany, southern Italy, most of the Balkans and countries to the north of the Black Sea had wetter-than-average conditions. There was also spatial variability across Europe in 2021, with near average conditions across most of northern Europe, including the United Kingdom and Ireland and the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. The rest of the year mostly experienced below-average precipitation amounts and was only punctuated by wetter-than-average conditions in May and August. This was followed by drier-than-average conditions from February to April, with March having the driest anomalies of the year ranging from -0.19 mm/day to -0.37 mm/day. During the year there was variation between the months, with the wettest conditions occurring in January, when there were monthly anomalies ranging from 0.47 mm/day to 0.68 mm/day. Credit: C3S/KNMI/DWD/ECMWF.Īnnual precipitation in 2021 was near average for Europe as a whole, with estimates ranging from -0.04 mm/day to 0.07 mm/day found in the three datasets used to inform this report. Data source: E-OBS (light blue), GPCP (blue), and ERA5 (dark blue). (Bottom) Monthly European precipitation anomalies (mm/day) in 2021 relative to the monthly averages for the 1991–2020 reference period. Data source: E-OBS (light blue and orange, starting in 1950), GPCP (blue and red, starting in 1979), and ERA5 (dark blue and dark red, starting in 1979). (Top) Annual European precipitation anomalies (mm/day) from 1950 to 2021 relative to the 1991–2020 reference period. Autumn saw wet conditions across the Mediterranean Sea and in northern Europe dry conditions were found in a zone from France and Germany to the Black Sea.įigure 1.In summer, wetter-than-average conditions occurred over Belgium, Germany and eastern France, while drier-than-average conditions occurred across northern parts of the United Kingdom, and in Ireland and western Russia.Winter was wetter than average across much of Europe, with the largest anomalies found in northern Spain, western Italy, and along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea conversely, drier-than-average conditions occurred in western Norway.January had the largest above-average precipitation and March had the largest below-average precipitation.Most of eastern and southeastern Europe had more wet days in 2021 than average, whereas most of Scandinavia and areas around the Baltic Sea generally had fewer wet days.There is no significant annual trend in precipitation across Europe as a whole.Precipitation amounts for Europe were near average for the year 2021 as a whole.
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